This site describes DAMASK 2.03!
For all new users we strongly reccomend the use of DAMASK 3! Please visit https://damask.mpie.de for more information.

DAMASK — the Düsseldorf Advanced Material Simulation Kit

Purpose

At the core of DAMASK is a flexible and hierarchically structured model of material point behavior for the solution of elastoplastic boundary value problems along with damage and thermal physics. Its main purpose is the simulation of crystal plasticity within a finite-strain continuum mechanical framework.

Crystal plasticity

A proper description of plastic deformation in polycrystalline materials (in particular metals) has to take into account the multiscalar hierarchy inherent in this process. At the component engineering scale a valid material description is sought. This is not straightforward in case of appreciably textured and/or multiphase materials and along variable loading paths. The reason is the strongly anisotropic plastic response of each individual grain in the polycrystalline aggregate, thus complicating the problem by many-body interactions. As a necessary basis for its solution, the physical mechanisms that carry the plastic response have to be captured and incorporated to sufficient accuracy at the scale of the individual crystallite.

The overall simulation task can thus be conceptually split to four essential levels as illustrated in Figure 1 from top to bottom: To arrive (under given boundary conditions) at a solution for equilibrium and compatibility in a finite strain formalism one requires the connection between the deformation gradient $\bar{\tnsr F}$ and the (first Piola–Kirchhoff) stress $\bar{\tnsr P}$ at each discrete material point. Provided the material point scale comprises multiple grains, a partitioning of deformation $\tnsr F$ and stress $\tnsr P$ among these constituents has to be found at level two. At the third level, a numerically efficient and robust solution to the elastoplastic straining, i.e. $\dot{\tnsr F}_\text e$ and $\dot{\tnsr F}_\text p$, is calculated. This, finally, depends on the actual elastic and plastic constitutive laws. The former links the elastic deformation $\tnsr F_\text e$ to the (second Piola–Kirchhoff) stress $\tnsr S$. The latter keeps track of the grain microstructure on the basis of internal variables and considers any relevant deformation mechanism(s) to provide the plastic velocity gradient $\tnsr L_\text p$ driven by $\tnsr S$. Both are incorporated as the fourth level in the hierarchy.

The flow of information from the topmost problem down to the (crystal) plasticity constitutive response and back can be restricted to very few items as (partly) shown in Figure 1. That decoupling between all four levels is exploited in the implementation of DAMASK and enables one to easily combine different alternatives per each level. Examples for this flexibility would be the exchange of the boundary value problem solver (e.g., MSC.Marc, Abaqus, etc.) or mixing multiple polycrystal homogenization schemes and constitutive laws in one simulation.

Suggested reading

• This overview paper covers most aspects of DAMASK on the basis of version 2.0.2.
  Please always cite this paper when referring to DAMASK in your own work:
  
  F. Roters, M. Diehl, P. Shanthraj, P. Eisenlohr, C. Reuber, S. L. Wong, T. Maiti, A. Ebrahimi, T. Hochrainer, H.-O. Fabritius, S. Nikolov, M. Friák, N. Fujita, N. Grilli, K. G. F. Janssens, N. Jia, P. J. J. Kok, D. Ma, F. Meier, E. Werner, M. Stricker, D. Weygand, D. Raabe
  DAMASK — The Düsseldorf Advanced Material Simulation Kit for modeling multi-physics crystal plasticity, thermal, and damage phenomena from the single crystal up to the component scale
  Computational Materials Science 158 (2019), 420—478
  Online version (Open Access)

• The concept of the mechanical part is also presented in this conference paper:
  
  F. Roters, P. Eisenlohr, C. Kords, D.D. Tjahjanto, M. Diehl, D. Raabe
  DAMASK: the Düsseldorf Advanced MAterial Simulation Kit for studying crystal plasticity using an FE based or a spectral numerical solver
  IUTAM Symposium on Linking Scales in Computations: From Microstructure to Macro-scale Properties, Procedia IUTAM 3 (2012), 3—10
  Online version (Open Access)

• The habilitation thesis of Franz Roters covers an earlier version not yet called DAMASK:
  
  F. Roters
  Advanced material models for the crystal plasticity finite element method: development of a general CPFEM framework
  Habilitationsschrift RWTH Aachen (2011), Fakultät für Georessourcen und Materialtechnik
  Download from the RWTH Aachen library server (Open Access)

• If you are interested in Crystal Plasticity (FEM) in general you might want to read:
  
  F. Roters, P. Eisenlohr, L. Hantcherli, D.D. Tjahjanto, T.R. Bieler, D. Raabe
  Overview of constitutive laws, kinematics, homogenization and multiscale methods in crystal plasticity finite-element modeling: Theory, experiments, applications
  Acta Materialia 58 (2010), 1152—1211
  Online version
  
  F. Roters, P. Eisenlohr, T.R. Bieler, D. Raabe
  Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Methods in Materials Science and Engineering
  Wiley-VCH, 2010
  ISBN: 978-3-527-32447-7

• Details of the implemented constitutive models for plasticity can be found in:
  
  A. Alankar, P. Eisenlohr, D. Raabe
  A dislocation density-based crystal plasticity constitutive model for prismatic slip in α-titanium
  Acta Materialia 59-18 (2011), 7003—7009
  Online version
  
  N. Jia, F. Roters, P. Eisenlohr, D. Raabe
  Non-crystallographic shear banding in crystal plasticity FEM simulations: Example of texture evolution in α-brass
  Acta Materialia 60-3 (2012), 1099—1115
  Online version
  
  C. Reuber, P. Eisenlohr, F. Roters, D. Raabe
  Dislocation density distribution around an indent in single-crystalline nickel: Comparing nonlocal crystal plasticity finite-element predictions with experiments
  Acta Materialia 71 (2014), 333—348
  Online version
  
  C. Kords
  On the role of dislocation transport in the constitutive description of crystal plasticity
  Dissertation RWTH Aachen (2013), Fakultät für Georessourcen und Materialtechnik
  Download from the RWTH Aachen library server (Open Access)
  
  D. Cereceda, M. Diehl, F. Roters, D. Raabe, J.M. Perlado, J. Marian
  Unraveling the temperature dependence of the yield strength in single-crystal tungsten using atomistically-informed crystal plasticity calculations
  International Journal of Plasticity 78 (2016), 242—265
  Online version
  
  D. Cereceda, M. Diehl, F. Roters, P. Shanthraj, D. Raabe, J.M. Perlado, J. Marian
  Linking atomistic, kinetic Monte Carlo and crystal plasticity simulations of single-crystal Tungsten strength
  GAMM-Mitteilungen 38-2 (2015), 213—227
  Online version
  
  S.L. Wong, M. Madivala, U. Prahl, F. Roters, D. Raabe
  A crystal plasticity model for twinning- and transformation-induced plasticity
  Acta Materialia 118 (2016), 140—151
  Online version
  
  T. Maiti, P. Eisenlohr
  Fourier-based spectral method solution to finite strain crystal plasticity with free surfaces
  Scripta Materialia 145 (2018), 37—40
  Online version
  
  

• The following publications cover tools for large scale simulations (mechanical homogenization):
  
  P. Eisenlohr, F. Roters
  Selecting sets of discrete orientations for accurate texture reconstruction
  Computational Materials Science 42 (2008) 670—678
  Online version
  
  D.D. Tjahjanto, P. Eisenlohr, F. Roters
  A novel grain cluster-based homogenization scheme
  Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 18 (2010) 015006
  Online version
  
  

• The spectral solvers provided with DAMASK are explained in:
  
  P. Eisenlohr, M. Diehl, R.A. Lebensohn, F. Roters
  A spectral method solution to crystal elasto-viscoplasticity at finite strains
  International Journal of Plasticity 46 (2013), 37—53
  Online version
  
  P. Shanthraj, P. Eisenlohr, M. Diehl, F. Roters
  Numerically robust spectral methods for crystal plasticity simulations of heterogeneous materials
  International Journal of Plasticity 66 (2015), 31—45
  Online version
  
  P. Shanthraj, M. Diehl, P. Eisenlohr, F. Roters, D. Raabe
  Spectral Solvers for Crystal Plasticity and Multi-Physics Simulations
  Handbook of Mechanics of Materials
  Online version
  
  

• Details of the models for damage and fracture are outlined in:
  
  P. Shanthraj, L. Sharma, B. Svendsen, F. Roters, D. Raabe
  A phase field model for damage in elasto-viscoplastic materials
  Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 312 (2016), 167—185
  Online version
  
  P. Shanthraj, B. Svendsen, L. Sharma, F. Roters, D. Raabe
  Elasto—viscoplastic phase field modelling of anisotropic cleavage fracture
  Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 99 (2017), 19—34
  Online version
  
  

• The following publication covers handling of large and heterogeneous data resulting from DAMASK simulations:
  
  M. Diehl, P. Eisenlohr, C. Zhang, J. Nastola, P. Shanthraj, F. Roters
  A Flexible and Efficient Output File Format for Grain-Scale Multiphysics Simulations
  Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation 6-1 (2017), 83—91
  Online version (Open Access)
  Via Springer Nature SharedIt initiative
  
  

• The following publications are (partly) based on simulations done with DAMASK:
  
  A. Nonn, A.R. Cerrone, C. Stallybrass, H. Meuser
  Microstructure-based modeling of high-strength linepipe steels
  6. International Pipeline Technology Conference, Ostend Belgium. 6-9 October 2013
  Online version
  
  O. Güvenc, T. Henke, G. Laschet, B. Böttger, M. Apel, M. Bambach, G. Hirt
  Modeling of static recrystallization kinetics by coupling crystal plasticity FEM and multiphase field calculations
  Computer Methods in Materials Science 13-2 (2013), 368—374
  Online version (Open Access)
  
  F. Meier, C. Schwarz, E. Werner
  Crystal-plasticity based thermo-mechanical modeling of Al-components in integrated circuits
  Computational Materials Science 94 (2014), 122—131
  Online version
  
  C.C. Tasan, J.P.M. Hoefnagels, M. Diehl, D. Yan, F. Roters, D. Raabe
  Strain localization and damage in dual phase steels investigated by coupled in-situ deformation experiments-crystal plasticity simulations
  International Journal of Plasticity 63 (2014), 198—210
  Online version
  
  C.C. Tasan, M. Diehl, D. Yan, C. Zambaldi, P. Shanthraj, F. Roters, D. Raabe
  Integrated experimental-numerical analysis of stress and strain partitioning in multi-phase alloys
  Acta Materialia 81 (2014), 386—400
  Online version
  
  F Wang, S. Sandlöbes, M. Diehl, L. Sharma, F. Roters, D. Raabe
  In situ observation of collective grain-scale mechanics in Mg and Mg—rare earth alloys
  Acta Materialia 80 (2014), 77—93
  Online version
  
  C. Zhang, H. Li, P. Eisenlohr, W. Liu, C.J. Boehlert, M.A. Crimp, T.R. Bieler
  Effect of realistic 3D microstructure in crystal plasticity finite element analysis of polycrystalline Ti-5Al-2.5Sn
  International Journal of Plasticity 69 (2015), 21—35
  Online version
  
  D. Ma, P. Eisenlohr, P. Shanthraj, M. Diehl, F. Roters, D. Raabe
  Analytical bounds of in-plane Young's modulus and full-field simulations of two-dimensional monocrystalline stochastic honeycomb structures
  Computational Materials Science 109 (2015), 323—329
  Online version
  
  N. Grilli, K.G.F. Janssens, H. Van Swygenhoven
  Crystal plasticity finite element modelling of low cycle fatigue in fcc metals
  Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 84 (2015), 424—435
  Online version
  
  D.D. Tjahjanto, P. Eisenlohr, F. Roters
  Multiscale deep drawing analysis of dual-phase steels using grain cluster-based RGC scheme
  Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 23 (2015), 045005
  Online version
  
  D. Ma, P. Eisenlohr, E. Epler, C.A. Volkert, P. Shanthraj, M. Diehl, F. Roters, D. Raabe
  Crystal plasticity study of monocrystalline stochastic honeycombs under in-plane compression
  Acta Materialia 103 (2016), 796—808
  Online version
  
  H. Zhang, M. Diehl, F. Roters, D. Raabe
  A virtual laboratory for initial yield surface determination using high resolution crystal plasticity simulations
  International Journal of Plasticity 80 (2016), 111—138
  Online version
  
  M. Diehl, P. Shanthraj, P. Eisenlohr, F. Roters
  Neighborhood influences on stress and strain partitioning in dual-phase microstructures. An investigation on synthetic polycrystals with a robust spectral-based numerical method
  Meccanica 51-2 (2016), 429—441
  Online version
  
  A. Ebrahimi, T. Hochrainer
  Three-Dimensional Continuum Dislocation Dynamics Simulations of Dislocation Structure Evolution in Bending of a Micro-Beam
  MRS Advances 1-24 (2016), 1791—1796
  Online version
  
  X. Wu, D. Ma, P. Eisenlohr, D. Raabe, H.-O. Fabritius
  From insect scales to sensor design: modelling the mechanochromic properties of bicontinuous cubic structures
  Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 11-4 (2016), 045001
  Online version
  
  Y. Su, C. Zambaldi, D. Mercier, P. Eisenlohr, T.R. Bieler, M.A. Crimp
  Quantifying deformation processes near grain boundaries in α titanium using nanoindentation and crystal plasticity modeling
  International Journal of Plasticity 86 (2016), 170—186
  Online version
  
  M. Diehl
  High-Resolution Crystal Plasticity Simulations
  Dissertation RWTH Aachen (2016), Fakultät für Georessourcen und Materialtechnik
  Apprimus Wissenschaftsverlag, 2016
  ISBN: 978-3-86359-392-6
  
  M. Lin, U. Prahl
  A parallelized model for coupled phase field and crystal plasticity simulation
  Computer Methods in Materials Science 16-3 (2016), 156—162
  Online version
  
  M. Diehl, M. Groeber, C. Haase, D.A. Molodov, F. Roters, D. Raabe
  Identifying Structure–Property Relationships Through DREAM.3D Representative Volume Elements and DAMASK Crystal Plasticity Simulations: An Integrated Computational Materials Engineering Approach
  JOM 69-5 (2017), 848—855
  Online version (Open Access)
  Via Springer Nature SharedIt initiative
  
  M. Diehl, M. Wicke, P. Shanthraj, F. Roters, A. Brueckner-Foit, D. Raabe
  Coupled Crystal Plasticity–Phase Field Fracture Simulation Study on Damage Evolution Around a Void: Pore Shape Versus Crystallographic Orientation
  JOM 69-5 (2017), 872—878
  Online version (Open Access)
  Via Springer Nature SharedIt initiative
  
  M. Stricker
  Die Übertragung von mikrostrukturellen Eigenschaften aus der diskreten Versetzungsdynamik in Kontinuumsbeschreibungen
  Dissertation KIT (2017), Fakultät für Maschinenbau
  Download from the KIT library server (Open Access)
  
  A. Irastorza-Landa, N. Grilli, H. Van Swygenhoven
  Laue micro-diffraction and crystal plasticity finite element simulations to reveal a vein structure in fatigued Cu
  Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 104 (2017), 157—171
  Online version (Open Access)
  
  M. Diehl, D. An, P. Shanthraj, S. Zaefferer, F. Roters, D. Raabe
  Crystal Plasticity Study on Stress and Strain Partitioning in a Measured 3D Dual Phase Steel Microstructure
  Physical Mesomechanics 20-3 (2017), 311—323
  Online version
  
  P. Jagtap, A. Chakraborty, P. Eisenlohr, P. Kumar
  Identification of whisker grain in Sn coatings by analyzing crystallographic micro-texture using electron back-scatter diffraction
  Acta Materialia 134 (2017), 346—359
  Online version
  
  A. Chakraborty, P. Eisenlohr
  Evaluation of an inverse methodology for estimating constitutive parameters in face-centered cubic materials from single crystal indentations
  European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids 66 (2017), 114—124
  Online version
  
  N. Grilli, K.G.F. Janssens, J. Nellessen, S. Sandlöbes, D. Raabe
  Multiple slip dislocation patterning in a dislocation-based crystal plasticity finite element method
  International Journal of Plasticity (2017)
  Online version
  
  M. Isaenkova, Y. Perlovich, D. Zhuk, O. Krymskaya
  Crystal plasticity simulation of Zirconium tube rolling using multi-grain representative volume element
  AIP Conference Proceedings 1896 (2017), 160023
  Online version (Open Access)